![]() ![]() ![]() How mimetic resemblances can be categorized based on the deceptiveness of the mimic's signal and the fitness consequences signalled by the mimic in order to manipulate receiver behaviour. Mimicry of host song by brood-parasitic Vidua finches Visual mimicry by a plant of other rewarding plant species to better attract pollinators Mimicry of aposematic organisms by other defended organisms to avoid predation įork-tailed drongo reliably mimicking the alarm calls of another species to signify the presence of a predator Mimicry of inanimate objects such as stones and dead sticks Mimicry of bird droppings by certain caterpillar species to avoid predation Mimicry of aposematic organisms by undefended organisms to avoid predation Īuditory mimicry of rattlesnake rattles by burrowing owls to avoid predation Mimicry of dung by plant seeds to attract dung beetle dispersers Olfactory mimicry of carrion by flowers to attract insects Īnglerfish attracting smaller fish using a lure that resembles a prey item Predatory insects luring spiders by mimicking vibrations of struggling insects Mimicry by unrewarding plant of a rewarding species to attract pollinators Mimicry of a flower by praying mantis species to attract insect prey Hydrocarbon mimicry by socially parasitic insects Mimicry of egg signatures by avian brood parasites Rather than aiming to provide an entirely new classification scheme, this review instead critically examines the criteria by which mimicry is currently differentiated, and then explores them to their logical conclusions.īegging call mimicry by avian brood parasites Just as recent papers have brought clarity to social evolution by defining and systematising terms used to describe social interactions, this review aims to facilitate research on mimicry by proposing a conceptual framework that contrasts and orders mimetic resemblances across sensory modalities and taxonomic groups. Despite their canonical status, there remains considerable lack of clarity over how these resemblances are related to one another and the extent to which they are products of the same evolutionary processes (reviewed in ). These impressive outcomes of natural selection are widely fêted in textbooks and documentaries. ‘Mimicry’ is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe diverse phenomena ( table 1). These four forms of mimicry are not discrete, immutable types, but rather help to define important axes along which mimicry can vary. ![]() The existence of rewarding mimicry is a logical extension of the criteria used to differentiate the three well-recognized forms of mimicry. Rewarding mimicry occurs when the mimic's signal is non-deceptive (as in Müllerian mimicry) but where the mimic signals a fitness benefit to the receiver (as in aggressive mimicry). These are the three traditional mimicry categories (aggressive, Batesian and Müllerian) and a fourth, often overlooked category for which the term ‘rewarding mimicry’ is suggested. The second and third distinctions divide both signal and cue mimicry into four types each. ‘Masquerade’ fits conceptually within cue mimicry. ‘Signal mimicry’ occurs when mimic and model share the same receiver, and ‘cue mimicry’ when mimic and model have different receivers or when there is no receiver for the model's trait. (i) Are the model's traits being mimicked signals or cues? (ii) Does the mimic signal a fitness benefit or fitness cost in order to manipulate the receiver's behaviour? (iii) Is the mimic's signal deceptive? The first distinction divides mimicry into two broad categories: ‘signal mimicry’ and ‘cue mimicry’. It highlights the following three evolutionarily relevant distinctions. This review critically examines the logic by which mimicry can be conceptually organized and analysed. The result is that categories denoting the traditional subdivisions of mimicry are applied inconsistently across studies, hindering attempts at conceptual unification. However, there remains a lack of clarity over how mimetic resemblances are conceptually related to each other. Many are textbook examples of natural selection's power to produce stunning adaptations. ‘Mimicry’ is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe diverse phenomena. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Van Damme doesn't really want to mess around with changes in history until he discovers that his wife was murdered during a skirmish brought on by the senator's time-travel manipulations. Eventually, however, he discovers that an evil senator (Ron Silver) is the head of a time-traveling criminal ring, organized to collect big bucks so he can mount a monumental presidential campaign.Īlong the way, there is a prominent subplot that has Van Damme coming up with a way to save his wife (Mia Sara), who was killed a decade earlier. In 1994 an American scientist creates a means of breaking the time barrier, so the government sets up a law enforcement unit to keep potential bad guys from traveling to the past to cash in on historical knowledge.Īs the time frame moves forward to 2004, Van Damme is a maverick cop assigned to bring back such lawbreakers. The story is time-travel stuff, which is always problematic. Still, undiscriminating action fans will probably have a good time. (Including a couple of unnecessary sex scenes.) ![]() (Steven Seagal, are you listening?)īut in terms of plot and direction, there are loopholes galore and too much in-your-face audience-pummeling for my taste. There's even a gag about Van Damme's occasionally sounding unintelligible. The special-effects are first-rate in what is obviously a big-budget production and Van Damme himself has learned the Schwarzenegger lesson - smile, flash your natural charisma and don't take yourself too seriously. "Timecop" is the best Jean-Claude Van Damme movie yet. ![]() ![]() ![]() They are also known for their mating rituals which can be very complex. Octopuses are considered one of the most intelligent invertebrates. If they are attacked, they can release a dark ink cloud that will make them harder to see and smell. The last way octopuses defend themselves is by discharging ink. This jet of water is very powerful and can knock an attacker down or even stun them. If they feel threatened, they can quickly shoot a jet of water at their attacker. If they are in danger, they can also release a black ink cloud to obscure their attacker’s vision.Īnother way octopuses defend themselves is by reflex shooting. They can change the color and texture of their skin to blend in with their surroundings. One of the most common ways octopuses protect themselves is by camouflaging themselves. Some of the ways octopuses defend themselves include camouflage, ink discharge, and reflex shooting. Octopuses are known for their intelligence and amazing defensive abilities. They have a hard time eating large prey because they don’t have any teeth. They have also been known to eat fish, shrimp, and other small animals. The octopus’s diet is mainly composed of crabs and other shellfish. The octopus then sucks the juices out of the prey item. The octopus has a beak that it uses to bite its prey and kill it. It will also use its arms to grasp prey that is swimming nearby. These animals are predatory and use their arms to capture prey.Īn octopus will hunt for food by searching through crevices and coral reefs. Octopus Diet and HuntingĪn octopus is a cephalopod mollusk that has eight arms. However, it is clear that these creatures are capable of complex communication feats that rival those of even some human cultures. Scientists are still trying to understand all the ways octopuses communicate with each other. ![]() For example, when an octopus is frightened, it will curl up into a ball. They can also change the shape of their body to express different emotions. ![]() Octopuses often wave their arms or tentacles to signal excitement, aggression, or submission. One of the most interesting octopus communication behaviors is the use of body language. Octopuses use a variety of methods to communicate with each other, including changing the color and texture of their skin, flashing their eyes, and releasing ink. 2- Octopus Behaviour Octopus Communication Their behavior is greatly affected by their environment and the current situation they are in.įor example, an octopus will often hide when it is stressed or frightened. Some octopuses can even change color to camouflage themselves or signal to others. They have been observed exhibiting complex behaviors, including problem-solving, tool use, and communication. Octopuses are highly intelligent and fascinating creatures. Diving Deeper into Whale Shark Habits 1- Octopus Behavior Characteristics ![]() ![]() ![]() Instead we can often implement the same using UnitStep instead of inequalities, and addition and multiplication instead of the || and & logical operators. The same functionality is already accessible in Mathematica through builtin functions such as Map, Select, etc., but using these precludes vectorization. Block A to prevent evaluation.BoolEval is designed for vectorized evaluations of boolean expressions of equalities and inequalities over arrays. Find the part in the downvalue to replace by finding the position of z: pos = First, z]] The first parameter can be reassigned as A like so. Proceeding to replace an assignment with A using z as a placeholder. ![]() Note that function definitions can be accessed via DownValues. The Wolfram Language has special sparse-array technology for efficiently handling arrays with literally astronomical numbers of elements when only a small. I don't think you have the hang of functional assignment, but the following answer should be instructive. Thus, for example, if you ask for parts of a sparse array object, Mathematica will operate as if you had asked for parts in the corresponding ordinary list. For example the assignment MyFunctions2] := A Julia has foreign function interfaces for C, Fortran, C++, Python, R, Java, Mathematica, Matlab, and many other languages. It appears that I can hard-code this, as shown here A := 10 x īut for whatever reason I can't populate a pre-existing array such as MyFunctions2 := Array ArrayPlot array generates a plot in which the values in an array are shown in a discrete array of squares. Then you can evaluate both functions at once with MyFunctions, so MyFunctions] yields 10 I wanted something like this: MyFunctions] = A This is why it's necessary to use Clear before redefining a function. ![]() So issuing an additional definition doesn't clear the previous one. fib was defined separately for the input 0, 1, negative inputs, or arbitrary inputs). How can I convert it to an array such that: myarray i, j list i, j In the simplest way (avoiding loops). This is why its necessary to use Clear before redefining a function. In Mathematica a function can have multiple definitions for multiple argument patterns (e.g. This applet displays the radiation field (magnitude of the electric field) of a linear antenna. So issuing an additional definition doesnt clear the previous one. 2: Non-Uniformly Excited Equally Spaced Linear Array Simulation. Typically, the entries of the matrix for the. fib was defined separately for the input 0, 1, negative inputs, or arbitrary inputs). To do so, it is important to understand that the underlying data of an Image object is generally a matrix. Mientras mayores sean los valores del arreglo, aparecer n con tonalidad m s oscura. Does Mathematica have an equivalent to Matlab's linspace I want to make a list with 'start', 'stop' and 'number of points'. The Wolfram Languages matrix operations handle both numeric and symbolic matrices, automatically accessing large numbers of highly efficient algorithms. Is there a way to assign function properties to the array itself, so it assigns value to the functions? That is, can I somehow write MyFunctions which contains those A and B functions in its elements? In Mathematica a function can have multiple definitions for multiple argument patterns (e.g. ArrayPlot permite visualizar los valores en un arreglo. In mathematica, is an array simply a list of uniform depth Both terms are used in the documentation, but I havent run across an explicit explanation of. ![]() I want to populate a collection of elements (list/table/array, whichever is appropriate) with such functions and do this through a (for or while) loop.įor example, the 1st element is A, the 2nd is B, and it keeps repeating until, say I have a list of 10 functions. I understand that Mathematica functions "A" and "B" can be defined as in this simple example A := 10*x ![]() ![]() Indeed, CDs are read sequentially and so there may be reading errors while playing one, whereas FLAC does not suffer from this issue, so if anything, at least theoretically FLAC could sound "better" than CD. (A FLAC file can also be of much higher quality than a CD, just depends on the data.) That is just a fact, it's not open to "opinion". A FLAC ripped correctly from a CD is 100% exactly the same data as is on the CD, so it is 100% the exact "quality". That's not a question of FLAC vs CDs though, but of the equipment you use to play back. I've been burnt by iTunes in the past with its tendency to delete stuff from my hard drive without my permission. I use Neutron player on my smartphone to listen to music. Doesn't help me though as I only use iTunes to rip CDs to ALAC. Gapless is not supported when you burn a MP3 music disc.Īh, okay. Gapless is supported if you burn a MP3 playlist as a CD music disc. To my knowledge the MP3 format does not allow gapless playback, regardless of playback device / software, whereas AAC does support gapless playback.Īll my playlists are MP3's and there's no gaps (silence between tracks) when played in iTunes. so I can use the wonderful Roon software Wiki said FLAC has much detail as cd if choosen correctly, personally I think not. Personally i'm old-school I got nothing against FLAC but its not full audio-phile is it listening to music on computer no matter how good it is has tinny-depth, I know this set-up doesn't work on my hi-fi that tells me that cd has better sound quality. General Discussion: I am finally transferring my collection to FLAC. With the same name as one huge album, after all you could haveġ0 Greatest Hits albums.FSM Board: I am finally transferring my collection to FLAC. Surprising how simple things are wrong, such collating albums When comparing to other UPnP servers, it is Instances, each with different audio libraries
![]() ![]() The music of the game was developed by Noise Factory…. It was originally released in 2000 for the Neo-Geo MVS arcade platform as the sequel to Metal Slug 2/Metal Slug X. Zombies are slow-moving, clumsy enemies, but they can zombify any human, both NPCs and players, almost instantly with their infectious fluids. In Metal Slug 4, the boss of mission 4, Big John, is used by the Amadeus Syndicate to turn everyone in the area into zombies. Set in the year 2028, an evil general is seeking control of the entire world, and has obtained control over the Metal Slug all-terrain tanks…. Metal Slug XX Online 1.2.6 CocoBear Download APK (239 MB) Remasters the classic METAL SLUG series, with all new graphics and multiplayer Description Old Versions Arcade Advertisement Latest Version Version 1.2.6 (26) Update Developer CocoBear Category Arcade Google Play ID .xa. One simple twist to tanks (the Metal Slugs of the title) and a switch of focus to on-foot combat, gave Metal Slug’s formula a heavy hint of another arcade classic, Contra. The game was released in Japan on January 28,h America on Januby Ignition Entertainment. Metal Slug 8 (メタルスラッグ 8) is a run and gun video game developed by SNK Playmore for the Nintendo 3DS and Arcade. Marco Rossi Marco is the main character of Metal Slug and have appeared in nearly all of the games. Download Metal Slug XX ROM and use it with an emulator. What is the name of one of the main characters in Metal Slug? This game is the US English version at exclusively. How to start the game using keyboard controls for Metal Slug Game on pc? f3 as this is the option on inserting a coin. Metal Slug 2: Super Vehicle-001 Info Share Metal Slug 3 2 Player Action Arcade Classic Metal Slug NeoGeo Retro Shooting War Description After evil General Mordern failed to take over the world government, he formed a alliance with alien race in another attempt. “METAL SLUG ”, the very first title in SNK’s legendary 2D run & gun action shooting game series where it all began, returns on the Steam gaming platform!…ĢP Co-op Online Multiplayer via Share Play Metal Slug XX can be enjoyed alone, together with a friend through local co-op, or with registered online friends via Share Play…. Click to install METAL SLUG 3 from the search results.Enjoy the detailed pixel graphics and great gameplay. Experience the fiercest battles, fight against the most fearsome war machines and defeat countless waves of enemies. Look for METAL SLUG 3 in the search bar at the top right corner. Metal Slug, the classic of the Neo-Geo arcade machines comes to Minigames with its browser version and in all its splendor.Complete Google sign-in to access the Play Store, or do it later.Download and install BlueStacks on your PC.How to Download and Play METAL SLUG 3 on PC Even though the most interesting mode in Metal Slug Attack is campaign mode, theres also a multiplayer mode for competing against other players on the same. Paste those folder to Internal Storage> Android > obb.After installing goto extracted files copy ‘com. ![]() Goto folder where you extracted the files then install Metal Slug 2 and Metal Slug X. ![]() ![]() Trailer Breakaway CablesĪ trailer breakaway cable is a safety connection that links the trailer’s brake system to the back of your tow vehicle. Blue Ox tow bars are made from high-quality materials and rated for tow capacities from 6,500 to 15,000 lbs. Be sure that you have a tow bar with the correct tow capacity for your setup. Not all tow bars are created equal, and you should have one installed that you trust to take you across the hundreds or thousands of miles you plan to travel. Quality Tow BarĪnother important piece of equipment you will need when flat towing behind your RV is a high-quality tow bar. It is also the law in most states that a flat tow brake must be installed. This will help you stop sooner and avoid getting into an accident or wearing down your RV’s brakes. When the tow vehicle’s brake pedal is pressed, or the remote is used to engage the brakes, the tow brake is activated. A flat tow brake system is a device that applies the brakes of your towed vehicle based on driver input inside the RV. When you are flat towing a vehicle behind your RV, you will need to have a flat tow brake like the Patriot Brake installed. When you are driving a motorhome, chances are you will want to have a separate vehicle with you so you can get around town easier when you get to your destination. Here are some pieces of equipment that will make your travels safe and smooth. You won’t be ready to hit the road until you’ve made sure you can do so safely. One of the most important parts of RV safety is having the right equipment. Have The Right Equipment Before You Hit The Road However, with these safety tips, you can feel confident on the road once you reach your destination. Driving a motorhome or a towable RV might be intimidating for novice RV owners, especially if you pick a bigger model and are still learning the ropes. ![]() But once you are in the driver’s seat, you may feel nervous that you aren’t as prepared as you thought. Hitting the open road in your RV is a great American pastime that evokes feelings of fun, freedom, and family time. ![]() ![]() ![]() Clearly Jaylins bestie told Nico a lot of things about her she had no business since he thought he knew oh so much about what type of women she is. I could go on but I’ll stop with NICO! I didn’t and won’t read his story but omg that man was a jerk and her bestie was not a very good friend. He manipulated her into staying the night with him before she was ready and that was just NOT cool. Don’t even get me started on how Kirby totally used what she told him about her trauma against her. I mean come on just because she an older black women doesn’t mean she’s never heard of hockey( insert eye roll here). The fact that her mother had no clue what hockey was. The weird lunch with her boss where she went on and on about braids and natural hair and “I only let my mom touch my hair” was just so extra. My issues with this book was the way the author continued to remind us the Jaylin was black. I’m giving this book two stars because I finished it. I totally can’t wait to see what happens with Evan, Owen, and Dart! ![]() And true to form, Aleo hooked us in with awesome characters that will either be present in future books of this series or in the Bellevue Bullies series. ![]() Overall, the plot was fun, emotional and entertaining. Aleo also weaved a complex plot involving a baby mama, insecurities, secret baggage, three musketeers aka rookies, and an adorable baby girl. Aleo took us through their catching back up and discovering their chemistry was still going strong. We experienced Kirby and Jaylin’s introduction in Wild Tendy but circumstances kept them from seeing each other for a year until Kirby needed a family lawyer. She had briefly met someone (aka Kirby) but timing was off and they didn’t get to explore things further. She was currently looking for Mr Right but in a pool of Mr Wrongs. Jaylin Raventorn was the best friend to Aviva (Wild Tendy, book two) and a successful attorney. He had a lot of emotional baggage from his childhood but was determined to be the best dad ever to baby Celeste. He also just became a single father over night. Kirby Litman was a professional hockey player for the NHL team, the IceCats. Hard Hit was the third book in the IceCats series by Toni Aleo. I highly recommend this book/series if you are a fan of sports romance. They complimented each other so well and I loved them together.Īnother fantastic thing about this book was getting to see more Nico and Aviva! Kirby is Nico's teammate and best friend, and Jaylin is Aviva's long time bestie. Though these two had some obstacles and things to work through, they were amazing together. Jaylin is a strong heroine who hasn't been in a serious relationship, but she's willing to try with Kirby. ![]() I adored him and I especially loved seeing how he was with Celeste. He has the biggest heart and is such an incredible father. I hoped so much that this second chance at love would work out for them. Now, a year later, Kirby finds himself running into Jaylin with his daughter Celeste, who he has full time. Once Kirby found out his ex-girlfriend was pregnant, he needed to focus on that and it stalled anything happing with Jaylin. Kirby and Jaylin never truly got the chance to try to be together, but they felt a connection. Kirby and Jaylin's story was a beautiful second chance romance and of course I loved the single dad aspect. I love Toni Aleo's sports romances so much and I was happy to get back into the world of the IceCats. ![]() ![]() Commonly referred to by the emulator config generators when they are generating the controller configuration. These are the pad2key maps that assign the Hotkey + button shortcuts to emulators that only support shortcuts via keyboard presses (and also others too because why not). Patches applied on top of the emulator binaries to make them work with Batocera. N/A, used during compiling the emulators at This script can be separated into multiple scripts that call upon each other to separate and better organize the code. This is the file that is specified by the emulator launcher specifier. The “main” generator script for an emulator. usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/configgen/generators//Generator.py This one generates the run command (command array) that is written to /usr/share/emulationstation/es_systems.cfg in the final image. Generates /usr/share/emulationstation/es_systems.cfg and es_features.cfg If creating a new one, don't forget to define it as well. Used in conjunction with ES advanced per-system options to make these generated configs based on the options the user has set in ES. These are what create the necessary configuration files, controller profiles and any other necessary INI/CFG file an emulator uses upon launching an emulator. The infamous Python configuration generators, bane of the end-user who's used to modifying INI and XML files directly. usr/lib/python#.#/site-packages/configgen/generators/ Write themes for batocera-emulationstation.Redirect upgrades from any board to my own builds.Latency reduction and optimizing performance.Raspberry Pi: Add power buttons/switches.Sync files across multiple devices (Syncthing). ![]() PCman built-in file manager (for Xorg-powered devices). ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() I have yet to see any 80mm telescope, even with the best AI sharpening, out-resolve a 0.5 metre class instrument. Rest assured if there is a dollar to be had, there will also be those who will cheat to get it. ![]() He even suggested having a new category: best fake. One would hope if entered into a contest the judges would spot such clumsy efforts and cull them accordingly.ĭavid Malin is a master at this, but even he admitted the "fakes" are getting better and more difficult to spot. There is also a good deal plain an simple plagiarism that goes on with images posted on the web.Īmazing how the object of interest has Hubble like details but the rest of the field is filled with low resolution blobs and the poster is too dim to realize their dodgy image is shouting out : "this is a fake" I know this has probably been discussed ad nauseam, but I couldn't seem to find any specific discussion, and I just want to hear what other people think How is it fair to compare data taken with a 24" Planewave to an 80mm refractor that is 'sharper' purely because of AI in a competition setting? I understand the general debate about whether Astrophotography more science or art, but I think this is a specific case where this distinction matters. Should people explicitly disclose when these algorithms are used, if submitting them to APOD or competitions? Should there be separate categories for AI sharpened data? I am interested in your thoughts about the use of these algorithms in astrophotography.Īt what point do our image processing algorithms change from manipulating information that is already within the data, to generating information that was never there? After seeing some impossibly sharp images on APOD and Astrobin IOTD recently, I asked around and found out that the trick behind them is Topaz Denoise AI and Sharpen AI. ![]() |
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